Format by A.K. Aruna, 2017 ver.4.0: UpasanaYoga. If downloaded, requires installed Devanāgarī Siddhanta1.ttf font, downloadable from UpasanaYoga. If run from UpasanaYoga website, it alternatively can use online Web Font. Any Devanāgarī in parentheses () is an alternate reading of text in Red. Top button "Collapse all panels" contracts the view in which individual items can be re-expanded, or again the top button "Restore all panels" reloads page to original view. Puruṣa Sūktam appearing in each of the Vedas is here shown from Kṛṣṇa-Yajur-Veda in its Taittirīya-Āraṇyaka version. Text and svara markings are per Mantrapushpam published by Ramakrishna Math.
by A.K. Aruna
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ओं, तच् छं॒ योर् आवृ॑णीमहे। गा॒तुं य॒ज्ञाय॑। गा॒तुं य॒ज्ञ-प॑तये। दैवी᳚ स्व्-अ॒स्तिर् अ॑स्तु नः। स्व्-अ॒स्ति मानु॑षेभ्यः। ऊ॒र्ध्वं जि॑गातु भेष॒जम्। शं नो॑ अस्तु द्वि॒-पदे᳚। शं चतु॑ष्-पदे। ओं शान्तिः॒ शान्तिः॒ शान्तिः॑॥ Oṃ, tac cha॒ṃ yor āvṛ॑ṇīmahe. Gā॒tuṃ ya॒jñāya॑. Gā॒tuṃ ya॒jña-pa॑taye. Daivī᳚ sv-a॒stir a॑stu naḥ. Sv-a॒sti mānu॑ṣebhyaḥ. Ū॒rdhvaṃ ji॑gātu bheṣa॒jam. Śaṃ no॑ astu dvi॒-pade᳚. Śaṃ catu॑ṣ-pade. Oṃ śānti॒ḥ śānti॒ḥ śānti॑ḥ.Om; tad, śam, yos (or śaṃyu, vocative), ā-√vṛ. Gātum (√gai, infinitive), yajña. Gātum, yajña-pati. Daivī, su-asti, √as, asmad. Su-asti, mānuṣa. Ūrdhvam, √gā, bheṣaja. Śam, asmad, √as, dvi-pad. Śam, catur-pad. Om, śānti, śānti, śānti.Om. We ask that which is peace (śam) and health (yos) (Or, we ask O benevolent one, śamyu, this): for ritual to chant, for the Lord of ritual to chant. May well-being of the Deity (Nature’s elements) be ours. May there be well-being (within) for all mankind. May our crops grow tall. May there be peace among the two-legged, and peace among the four-legged (our herds). Om, Peace. Peace, Peace (within, around, and heavenly).
Oṃ, sa॒hasra॑-śīrṣā॒ puru॑ṣaḥ. Sa॒ha॒srā॒kṣaḥ sa॒hasra॑-pāt. Sa bhūmi॑ṃ vi॒śvato॑ vṛ॒tvā. Atya॑tiṣṭhad daśāṅgu॒lam.Om; sahasra-śīras, puruṣa. sahasra-akṣa, sahasra-pād. tad, bhūmi, viśvatas, vṛtvā. ati-sthā, daśa-aṅgula.The Puruṣa (Cosmic Person) has thousands of (i.e, countless, as all) heads, thousands of eyes, thousands of feet. Spread all over the universe, it extends further by ten fingers (by any numbers 0 to 9 can show, or in ten directions: the eight compass directions, up and down).
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Puru॑ṣa e॒vedagm̐ sarva᳚m. Yad bhū॒taṃ yac ca॒ bhavya᳚m. U॒tāmṛ॑ta॒tvasyeśā॑naḥ. Yad anne॑nāti॒roha॑ti.puruṣa, eva, idam, sarva. yad, bhūta, yad, ca, bhavya. uta, a-mṛtatva, īśāna. yad, anna, ati-√ruh.The Puruṣa is all this (universe), whatever was and will be. It is the Lord of immortality, and in the form of food it is that which (perennially) nourishes (the universe).
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E॒tāvā॑n asya mahi॒mā. Ato॒ jyāyāgm̐॑ś ca॒ pūru॑ṣaḥ. Pādo᳚'sya॒ viśvā॑ bhū॒tāni॑. Tri॒-pād a॑syā॒mṛta॑ṃ di॒vi.etāvat, idam, mahiman. atas, vyāyas, ca, pūruṣa. pāda, idam, viśva, bhūta. tri-pād, idam, a-mṛta, dyu.Its greatness is greater than all ‘this’ (that any words can indicate). Therefore, it is superior (and elder, to all this). All these (temporal) beings here are but one-quarter (one leg) of this one. The immortality in heaven is its other three-quarters (three legs).
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Tri॒-pād ū॒rdhva udai॒t puru॑ṣaḥ. Pādo᳚'sye॒hābha॑vā॒t puna॑ḥ. Tato॒ viṣva॒ṅ vya॑krāmat. Sā॒śa॒nā॒na॒śa॒ne a॒bhi.tri-pād, ūrdhva, ud-√i, puruṣa. pāda, idam, iha, ā-bhava (=ā-sarga, or =√bhū Vedic for ‘ā-bhav-at’), punar. tatas, viṣvac, vi-√kram. sa-aśana-an-aśana, abhi.The three-quarter Puruṣa appeared above; its one-quarter appeared here again and again (as the cyclic, temporal creation). By that (one-quarter) is pervaded all that needs food and does not need food (the inanimate).
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Tasmā᳚d vi॒rāḍ a॑jāyata. Vi॒rājo॒ adhi॒ pūru॑ṣaḥ. Sa jā॒to atya॑ricyata. Pa॒ścād bhūmi॒m atho॑ pu॒raḥ.tad, virāj, √jan. virāj, adhi, pūruṣa. tad, jāta, ati-√ric. paścāt, bhūmi, ath-u, puras.From that (Puruṣa) was born (manifested) Virāṭ (the shining manifestion to our senses and mind). From out of this Virāṭ, that Pūruṣa (the Cosmic Person) gave rise to Earth and then (Or, westward) again as all this.
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Yat puru॑ṣeṇa ha॒viṣā᳚. De॒vā ya॒jñam ata॑nvata. Va॒sa॒nto a॑syāsī॒d ājya᳚m. Grī॒ṣma i॒dhmaś śa॒rad dha॒viḥ.yad, puruṣa, havis. deva, yajña, √tan. vasanta, idam, √as, ājya. grīṣma, idhma, śarad, havis.With this Puruṣa as (sacrificial) fire, the deities mentally performed the yajña (ritual), of which the brilliant spring was the warmed clarified butter, the hot summer was the kindling, and the harvest fall was the grain offering.
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Sa॒ptāsyā॑san pari॒dhaya॑ḥ. Triḥ sa॒pta sa॒midha॑ḥ kṛ॒tāḥ. De॒vā yad ya॒jñaṃ ta॑nvā॒nāḥ. Aba॑dhna॒n puru॑ṣaṃ pa॒śum.saptan, idam, √as, paridhi. tri, saptan, samidh, kṛta. deva, yad, yajña, tanvāna. √bandh, puruṣa, paśu.Seven were its (the ritual’s) outer boundaries. Twenty-one were its kindling sticks. There, the deities mentally performed the ritual which bound the Puruṣa as its paśu (offered life and wealth).
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Taṃ ya॒jñaṃ ba॒rhiṣi॒ praukṣa॑n. Puru॑ṣaṃ jā॒tam a॑gra॒taḥ. Tena॑ de॒vā aya॑janta. Sā॒dhyā ṛṣa॑yaś ca॒ ye.tad, yajña, barhis, pra-√ukṣ. puruṣa, jāta, agratas. tad, deva, √yaj. sādhya, ṛṣi, ca, yad.Sprinking (blessed water from) the sacrificial grass into that yajña (fire), the first of the Puruṣa was born as the (natural) deities, the accomplished ones (sādhyas), and the ṛṣis (the Veda singers, passing down this wisdom).
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Tasmā᳚d ya॒jñāt sa॑rva॒-huta॑ḥ. Saṃbhṛ॑taṃ pṛṣad ā॒jyam. Pa॒śūgm̐s tāgm̐ś ca॑kre vāya॒vyā॑n. Ā॒ra॒ṇyān grā॒myāś ca॒ ye.tad, yajña, sarva-hut. saṃbhuta, pṛṣat, ājya. paśu, tad, √kṛ, vāyavya. āraṇya, grāmya, ca, yad.From that ritual everything is offered. The dripping clarified butter was collected and formed into the creatures that belong in the air, and those that belong in the forests and those in the villages.
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Tasmā᳚d ya॒jñāt sa॑rva॒-huta॑ḥ. Ṛca॒ḥ sāmā॑ni jajñire. Chandāgm̐॑si jajñire॒ tasmā᳚t. Yaju॒s tasmā॑d ajāyata.tad, yajña, sarva-hut. ṛc, sāman, √jan. chandas, √jan, tad. yajus, tad, √jan.From that ritual everything is offered. The chanted (Ṛks) and the sung (Sāmans) hymns were born. From that the Veda meters were born, and from that the Yajur-Veda was born.
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Tasmā॒d aśvā॑ ajāyanta. Ye ke co॑bha॒yā-da॑taḥ. Gāvo॑ ha jajñire॒ tasmā᳚t. Tasmā᳚j jā॒tā a॑jā॒vaya॑ḥ.tad, aśva, √jan. yad, kim, ca, ubhayā-dat. go, ha, √jan, tad. tad, jāta, aja-avi.From that were born horses and those animals with both (upper and lower) set of teeth. From that were born cows, goats, and sheep (with only a lower set of teeth).
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Yat puru॑ṣa॒ṃ vya॑dadhuḥ. Ka॒ti॒dhā vya॑kalpayan. Mukha॒ṃ kim a॑sya॒ kau bā॒hū. Kāv ū॒rū pādā॑v ucyete.yad, puruṣa, vi-√dhā. kati-dhā, vi-√kḷp? mukha, kim, idam, kim, bāhu? kim, ūru, pāda, √vac?They (the deities) divided up this Pusuṣa. How many limbs did they envision? What did they call its mouth? What its arms? What its thighs? What its feet?
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Brā॒hma॒ṇo᳚'sya॒ mukha॑m āsīt. Bā॒hū rā॑ja॒nya॑ḥ kṛ॒taḥ. Ū॒rū tad a॑sya॒ yad vaiśya॑ḥ. Pa॒dbhyāgm̐॑ śū॒dro a॑jāyata.brāhmaṇa, idam, mukha, √as. bāhu, rājanya, kṛta. ūru, tad, idam, yad, vaiśya. pad, śūdra, √jan.Its mouth (they called) the priests (Brāhmaṇas), the arms the administers (Rājanya), the thighs the merchants (Vaiśya), and the feet the cleaners (Śūdras) (–All four essential for a robust society).
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Ca॒ndramā॒ mana॑so jā॒taḥ. Cakṣo॒ḥ sūryo॑ ajāyata. Mukhā॒d indra॑ś cā॒gniś ca॑. Prā॒ṇād vā॒yur a॑jāyata.candras, manas, jāta. cakṣu, sūrya, √jan. mukha, indra, ca, agni, ca. prāṇa, vāyu, √jan.The moon was born from its mind. The sun was born from its eyes. Lord Indra and fire was born from its mouth. Wind (Vāyu) was born from its life-energy (prāṇa).
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Nābhyā॑ āsīd a॒ntar-i॑kṣam. Śī॒rṣṇo dyauḥ sama॑vartata. Pa॒dbhyāṃ bhūmi॒r diśa॒ḥ śrotrā᳚t. Tathā॑ lo॒kāgm̐ a॑kalpayan.nābhi, √as, antar-ikṣa. śīrṣan, dyu, sam-√vṛt. pad, bhūmi, diś, śrotra. tathā, loka, √kḷp.From its navel came the mid-atmosphere (between Heaven and Earth). From its head came Heaven (dyu). From its feet the Earth, and from its ears the directions (diś, space). In that way, was fashioned the worlds (here, above, and in-between).
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Vedā॒ham e॒taṃ puru॑ṣaṃ ma॒hānta᳚m. Ā॒di॒tya-va॑rṇa॒ṃ tama॑sa॒s tu pā॒re. Sarvā॑ṇi rū॒pāṇi॑ vi॒citya॒ dhīra॑ḥ. Nāmā॑ni kṛ॒tvābhi॒vada॒n yad āste᳚.√vid, asmad, etad, puruṣa, mahat. āditya-varṇa, tamas, tu, pāre. sarva, rūpa, vicitya, dhīra. nāman, kṛtvā, abhivadat, yad, √ās.I know this Puruṣa as vast, who shines as the sun, beyond the darkness. As intelligence beholding all forms and naming them, it abides addressing them.
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Dhā॒tā pu॒rastā॒d yam u॑dāja॒hāra॑. Śa॒kraḥ pravi॒dvān pra॒diśa॒ś cata॑sraḥ. Tam e॒vaṃ vi॒dvān a॒mṛta॑ i॒ha bha॑vati. Nānyaḥ panthā॒ aya॑nāya vidyate.dātṛ, purastāt, yad, ud-ā-√hṛ. śakra, pravidvas, pradiś, catasṛ. tad, evam, vidvas, a-mṛta, iha, √bhū. na, anya, panthan, ayana, √vid.The wise one who knows in this way (in the first person as this timeless conscious being) that creator (Dhātṛ) – who was said to exist even before (all this), whom the mighty (Śakra, Lord Indra) knew in all four directions – becomes here itself this same Immortal. There is no other means (panthan) for reaching (immortality, than knowing this Puruṣa, SvetU.3.8).
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Ya॒jñena॑ ya॒jñam a॑yajanta de॒vāḥ. Tāni॒ dharmā॑ṇi pratha॒māny ā॑san. Te ha॒ nāka॑ṃ mahi॒māna॑ḥ sacante. Yatra॒ pūrve॑ sā॒dhyāḥ santi॑ de॒vāḥ.yajña, yajña, √yaj, deva. tad, dharma, prathama, √as. tad, ha, na-a-ka, mahiman, √sac. yatra, pūrva, sādhya, √as, deva.The deities who (mentally) performed this yajña in this way became the first dharmas (upholders of the Lord’s order, as the Lord’s deities, Or their acts became the first acts of Dharma). Those who (now) follow (this meditation yajña) become great and (reach) Nākam (afflicition-free heaven), where the accomplished Sādhyas of old and the deities dwell (But only that much, not oneness with the Puruṣa itself).
A॒dbhyaḥ saṃbhū॑taḥ pṛthi॒vyai rasā᳚c ca. Vi॒śva-ka॑rmaṇa॒ḥ sama॑varta॒tādhi॑. Tasya॒ tvaṣṭā॑ vi॒dadha॑d rū॒pam e॑ti. Tat puru॑ṣasya॒ viśva॒m ā-jā॑na॒m agre᳚.ap, sambhūta, pṛthivī, rasa, ca. visva-karman, sam-√vṛt, adhi. tad, tvaṣṭhṛ, vidadhat, rūpa, √i. tad, puruṣa, viśva, ā-jāna, agre.From these (same subtle) waters and the essence of earth (BrhU.2.5.1) were formed the universal effects above (i.e., as it is here, so there in the other worlds). The (intelligent) creator (Tṛṣṭhṛ) having fashioned it, this form (presently) appears (i.e., as it was, so it is now). That universal (form) is the birth (manifestation) of the Puruṣa from the very beginning.
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Vedā॒ham e॒taṃ puru॑ṣaṃ ma॒hānta᳚m. Ā॒di॒tya-va॑rṇa॒ṃ tama॑sa॒ḥ para॑stāt. Tam e॒vaṃ vi॒dvān a॒mṛta॑ i॒ha bha॑vati. Nānyaḥ panthā॑ vidya॒te'ya॑nāya.√vid, asmad, etad, puruṣa, mahat. āditya-varṇa, tamas, parastāt. tad, evam, vidvas, a-mṛta, iha, √bhū. na, anya, panthan, √vid, ayana.I know this Puruṣa as vast, who shines as the sun, beyond the darkness (PurSuk.16). The wise one who knows in this way that creator (Puruṣa as Tṛṣṭhṛ) becomes here itself this same Immortal. There is no other means (panthan) for reaching (immortality, than knowing this Puruṣa, PurSuk.17).
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Pra॒jā-pa॑tiś carati॒ garbhe॑ a॒ntaḥ. A॒jāya॑māno bahu॒dhā vijā॑yate. Tasya॒ dhīrā॒ḥ pari॑jānanti॒ yoni᳚m. Marī॑cīnāṃ pa॒dam i॑cchanti ve॒dhasa॑ḥ.prajā-pati, √car, garbha, antar. a-jāyamāna, bahudhā, vi-√jan. tad, dhīra, pari-√jñā, yoni. marīci, pada, √iṣ, vedhas.The Lord of creatures (Prajā-pati) itself moves within (every) womb. Without itself being born, it appears as the variety (here). Those who make (best) use of their intellect know that birthplace (yoni). Those who pay homage to this abode (pada) of the Marīcis (the Prajā-patis), they seek (this abode).
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Yo de॒vebhya॒ āta॑pati. Yo de॒vānā᳚ṃ pu॒rohi॑taḥ. Purvo॒ yo de॒vebhyo॑ jā॒taḥ. Namo॑ ru॒cāya॒ brāhma॑ye.yad, deva, ā-√tap. Yad, deva, puras-hita. purva, yad, deva, jāta. Namas, ruca, brāhmī.Salutations to that shinning vast womb (Brāhmī, BhG.2.72), which inspired the meditation of the deities, who was placed at the head of the deities, and who was born (was manifest) before the deities.
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Ruca॑ṃ brā॒hmaṃ ja॒naya॑ntaḥ. De॒vā agre॒ tad a॑bruvan. Yas tvai॒vaṃ brā᳚hma॒ṇo vi॒dyāt. Tasya॑ de॒vā asa॒n vaśe᳚.ruca, brahma, janayat. deva, agre, tad, √brū. yad, yuṣmad, evam, brāhmaṇa, √vid. tad, deva, √as (Vedic for ‘ā-s-an’), vaśa.Having given rise to this pertaining to Brahman (i.e., the Vedas), it presented (those Vedas) in the beginning to the deities. The Brāhmaṇa (anyone who is dedicated to the Veda teaching, likewise) has the deities under his or her control.
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Hrīś ca॑ te la॒kṣmīś ca॒ patnyau᳚. A॒ho॒rā॒tre pā॒rśve. Nakṣa॑trāṇi rū॒pam. A॒śvinau॒ vyātta᳚m. I॒ṣṭaṃ ma॑niṣāṇa. A॒muṃ ma॑niṣāṇa. Sarva॑ṃ maniṣāṇa.hrī, ca, tad, lakṣmī, ca, patnī. ahar-rātra, pārśva. nakṣatra, rūpa. aśvin, vyātta. iṣṭha, √man (iṣ-Aorist stem in 9th class Imperative Vedic). adas, √man. sarva, √man.Hrī (Divine Modesty) and Lakṣmī (Divine Wealth) are (Your) wives (our protecting partners). The Day and Night are (Your) sides (right and left). The stars are (Your) form. The (dawn and the healing) Aśvin twins are (Your) open mouth. Please approve (for us) what is desired. Please approve (for us) that (which is away from us). Please approve (for us) everything.
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Oṃ śānti॒ḥ śānti॒ḥ śānti॑ḥ.[Hariḥ Om.]Om, śānti, śānti, śānti.Om, Peace (within, ādhyātmamika, myself). Peace (around, ādhi-bhautika, in the environment), Peace (heavenly, ādhi-daivika, in the unmanifest karma order).
